MOOOLELO NO NA TUNGSTEN

MOOOLELO NO NA TUNGSTEN

Hiki ke hoʻopili paʻa ʻia nā ʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka tungsten i ʻehā mau kahua: nā kemika, ke kila a me nā mea hoʻohui super, nā filament, a me nā carbide.

 1847: Hoʻohana ʻia nā paʻakai Tungsten no ka hana ʻana i ka pulupulu kala a me ka hana ʻana i nā lole i hoʻohana ʻia no ke keaka a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe i pale ahi.

 1855: Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaʻina hana Bessemer, e ʻae ai i ka hana nui o ke kila. I ka manawa like, ke hana ʻia nei nā kila tungsten mua ma Austria.

 1895: Ua noiʻi ʻo Thomas Edison i ka hiki ʻana o nā mea i ka fluoresce ke ʻike ʻia i nā hihi X, a ʻike ʻo ia ʻo ka calcium tungstate ka mea pono loa.

 1900: High Speed ​​Steel, kahi hui kūikawā o ke kila a me ka tungsten, hōʻike ʻia ma ka World Exhibition ma Paris. Mālama ʻo ia i kona paʻakikī i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana a me ka mīkini.

 1903: ʻO nā filament i nā kukui a me nā ʻōpuʻu kukui ka hoʻohana mua ʻana i ka tungsten i hoʻohana i kona wahi heheʻe kiʻekiʻe loa a me kāna conductivity uila. ʻO ka pilikia wale nō? ʻO nā hoʻāʻo mua i ʻike ʻia he palupalu loa ka tungsten no ka hoʻohana ākea.

 1909: Ua lanakila ʻo William Coolidge a me kāna hui ma General Electric US i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana e hana ai i nā filament ductile tungsten ma o ka mālama wela kūpono a me ka hana ʻana.

 1911: Hoʻolaha ʻia ka Coolidge Process, a ma ka manawa pōkole ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻōpuʻu kukui tungsten a puni ka honua i lako ʻia me nā uea ductile tungsten.

 1913: ʻO ka hemahema o nā daimana ʻoihana ma Kelemānia i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II e alakaʻi i nā mea noiʻi e ʻimi i kahi ʻē aʻe i make daimana, i hoʻohana ʻia e huki uea.

 1914: “ʻO ka manaʻo o kekahi poʻe loea koa Allied i loko o ʻeono mahina e pau ai ʻo Kelemania i nā mea kaua. Ua ʻike koke nā Allies e hoʻonui ana ʻo Kelemania i kāna hana ʻana i nā mea kaua a no kekahi manawa ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hana a nā hui. ʻO ka hoʻololi ma muli o kāna hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hana ʻoki tungsten. I ka pīhoihoi nui o ka poʻe Pelekania, ʻo ka tungsten i hoʻohana ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia ma hope, ua hele mai ka nui mai kā lākou Cornish Mines ma Cornwall. - Mai ka puke 1947 a KC Li "TUNGSTEN"

 1923: Ua hāʻawi aku kahi hui ʻōpala uila Kelemania i kahi patent no ka tungsten carbide, a i ʻole hardmetal. Hana ʻia ia ma ka "hoʻomaʻamaʻa" ʻana i nā huaʻai tungsten monocarbide (WC) paʻakikī loa i loko o kahi mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa o ka metala kobalt paʻakikī e ka sintering pae wai.

Ua hoʻololi ka hopena i ka mōʻaukala o tungsten: kahi mea e hui pū ai i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, paʻakikī loa ka tungsten carbide, ʻo ka mea kūlohelohe wale nō e hiki ke ʻoki iā ia he daimana. (ʻO Carbide ka hoʻohana nui loa no ka tungsten i kēia lā.)

1930s: Ua ala mai nā noi hou no nā pūhui tungsten i ka ʻoihana ʻaila no ka hydrotreating o nā aila ʻaila.

 1940: Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hao, nickel, a me ka cobalt-based superalloys, e hoʻopiha i ka pono o kahi mea hiki ke kū i nā wela kupaianaha o nā ʻenekini mokulele.

 1942: I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II, ʻo ka poʻe Kelemania ka mea mua i hoʻohana i ka tungsten carbide core i nā projectiles piercing kiʻekiʻe. ʻAneʻane “heheʻe” nā pahu kaʻa Pelekania i ka wā i pā ʻia e kēia mau pahu pahu tungsten carbide.

 1945: ʻO ka kūʻai ʻana o nā kukui incandescent he 795 miliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma US.

 1950s: I kēia manawa, hoʻohui ʻia ka tungsten i nā superalloys e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou hana.

 1960s: Ua hānau ʻia nā catalysts hou i loaʻa nā pūhui tungsten e mālama i nā kinoea hoʻopau i ka ʻoihana ʻaila.

 1964: ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me ka hana ʻana o nā kukui incandescent e hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka nui o ke kukui ma kahi helu o kanakolu, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kumukūʻai ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana kukui o Edison.

 2000: I kēia manawa, ma kahi o 20 biliona mika o ka uwea kukui e huki ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ka lōʻihi e like me 50 mau manawa o ka mamao o ka honua-mahina. Hoʻopau nā kukui i 4% a me 5% o ka nui o ka hana tungsten.

TUNGSTEN I keia la

I kēia lā, laha loa ka tungsten carbide, a ʻo kāna mau noi e pili ana i ka ʻoki metala, ka mīkini ʻana i ka lāʻau, nā plastics, composites, a me nā seramika palupalu, chipless forming (wela a me ke anu), mining, kūkulu, pōhaku drilling, structural parts, wear parts and military parts. .

Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā ʻāpana kila Tungsten i ka hana ʻana i nā nozzles ʻenekini rocket, pono e loaʻa nā waiwai pale wela. Hoʻohana ʻia nā super-alloys i loaʻa i ka tungsten i nā ʻāpana turbine a me nā ʻāpana pale a me nā uhi.

Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa like, ua pau ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu incandescent ma hope o 132 mau makahiki, ʻoiai e hoʻomaka ana lākou e hoʻopau i ka US a me Kanada.